Estimation of allelic frequencies for ABO and Rh blood groups

Estimation of the allelic frequencies for genetic markers is very important in genetic studies. Also investigation of the concordance between observed and expected value based on the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) is strongly recommended by STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association studies (STREGA) [1]. Today, many investigators used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods for genotyping. In all of these methods, heterozygote genotypes may be distinguished from both homozygote genotypes. Although, the allelic frequencies may be easily estimated using the counting of the alleles, several mistakes were reported by investigators [2–4]. However, for some other genetic markers such as ABO and Rh blood groups in humans, we observed more problems in studies [5–7]. Here I am going to mention how we can estimate the allelic frequencies in these two polymorphic traits.