Estimating organ dose in computed tomography using tube current modulation: A Monte Carlo simulation

Background: The computed tomography (CT) scan delivers a relatively high radiation dose to the patient. One of the critical factors that affects the absorbed dose is the intensity of tube current. The aim of this study is to measure and compare the radiation dose of three radiation-sensitive organs in constant current mode and tube current modulation (TCM) modes. Materials and Methods: CT-scans from the chest and abdomen-pelvis regions of adults in three different current modes were obtained. The absorbed doses of thyroid, lungs, and ovaries were measured using the thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) chips embedded in the RANDO phantom. Furthermore, the confirmation of the organ doses was simulated using the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. The measured doses were evaluated and confirmed by comparison with the simulated doses. Results: The relative differences between the measured and simulated doses for thyroid, lung, and ovary were -4.7%, -1.3%, and -11.7% for constant current mode, -2.2%, -11.2%, and -6.3% for longitudinal modulation mode, and 0.0%, -14.6%, and -9.9% for angular modulation mode, respectively. With longitudinal modulation mode, thyroid, lung, and ovary doses were reduced by 34.0%, 19.0%, and 19.0% for the measured doses and 32.0%, 26.0%, and 13.0% for the simulated doses, respectively. The longitudinal modulation mode resulted in a greater dose reduction compared to the angular modulation for both measured and simulated doses. Conclusion: Using TCM resulted in reducing does received by the organs in both measured and simulated doses. The TCM reduces organ dose, which is more evident in the longitudinal modulation.