The removal efficiency of natural nano-coagulant produced from Phragmites communis, Schanginia aegyptiaca and Portulaca oleracea in wastewater treatment

Sewage water contains suspended and dissolved solids, hydrocarbons, many types of organic matter and heavy metals. The reuse of wastewater faces the challenge of removing organic pollutant compounds before discharging them into any natural stream. Therefore, in this study, natural nano-coagulant materials were used and their efficiency in removing turbidity, total organic carbon (TOC), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from wastewater were investigated. The natural nano-coagulant were synthesized using leaves of Phragmites communis, Schanginia aegyptiaca and Portulaca oleracea. The results showed that 0.5 mg/L of P. oleracea nano-coagulant can remove 96.3% of COD, 86.2% of TOC and 89.5% of turbidity. Also, S. aegyptiaca leaves nano-coagulant in the 1 and 0.5 mg/L concentration was removed turbidity, COD and TOC content of the wastewater by 93.1, 89.42, and 81.8%, respectively. Moreover, P. communis leaves removed TOC, COD, and turbidity up to 78.2, 83.48, and 86.18%, respectively. The results showed the efficiency of natural nano-coagulant materials in treating and depositing wastewater pollutants.