Author/Authors :
Toorang , Fatemeh Department of Community Nutrition - School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics - Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , Sasanfar, Bahareh Cancer Research Center - Cancer Institute of Iran - Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran , Hekmatdoost, Azita Department of Clinical Nutrition - Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology - National Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran , Narmcheshm, Saba Department of Community Nutrition - School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics - Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , Hadji. Maryam Cancer Research Center - Cancer Institute of Iran - Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran , Ebrahimpour-Koujan , Soraiya Department of Community Nutrition - School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics - Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , Amini , Neda Department of Surgery - Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, USA , Zendehdel , Kazem Department of Community Nutrition - School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics - Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract :
Stomach cancer (SC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Dietary risk
factors of SC are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between
macronutrient intakes and the risk of SC.
Study design: A hospital-based case-control study.
Methods: The data were obtained from a hospital-based case-control study conducted at the
Cancer Institute of Iran from 2010 to 2012. Patients were 40 years or older and were diagnosed
with SC in less than one year with no history of any cancers. On the other hand, the controls were
healthy subjects who were caregivers or visitors of the patients. Demographic characteristics were
collected using a structured questionnaire through face to face interviews by trained interviewers.
Dietary data were obtained using a validated Diet History Questionnaire. The age and genderadjusted odds ratios (ORs), as well as the adjusted ORs of age, gender, energy, education,
smoking, and body mass index, were reported for continuous and tertiles of intakes.
Results: Totally, 207 SC patients and 217 controls participated in this study. In the full adjusted
model, after comparing the highest tertiles to the lowest ones, the intake of sucrose (OR: 2.94; 95%
CI: 1.66-5.19; P-trend<0.001), protein (OR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.17-3.55; P-trend=0.011), cholesterol
(OR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.28-3.85; P-trend=0.005), and percent of calories from protein (OR: 3.09; 95%
CI: 1.69-5.61; P-trend<1.001) showed a positive significant association with SC. Moreover, a
significantly negative association was found between the percent of calories obtained from
carbohydrates and SC (OR: 0. 57; 95% CI: 0.33-0.98; P-trend=0.015).
Conclusion: The findings in this study showed that macronutrient intakes might be associated with
the etiology of SC in Iran.
