Relationship Between Keloid Pathogenesis and Endothelial Progenitor Cells: A Review Study

Context: Keloid scars are disfiguring lesions (ie, reddish-brown bulges on the skin surface) formed after a minor injury or surgical invasion. They lead to severe itching or pain, thereby causing physical and psychological distress in patients. Evidence Acquisition: Scholarly databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar, were searched for relevant articles using keywords such as “keloids,” “endothelial progenitor cells” (EPCs), and “CD34-positive cells.” Results: Keloid scars are classified as an intractable disease; their cause is unknown, and there is no specific therapy. Their pathogenic effects on inflammation around wounds and fibroblasts have been extensively studied. However, details regarding their onset mechanism and definitive factors that contribute to their formation have not yet been elucidated. Adult stem cell therapy, especially regenerative therapy aimed at recovering tissue structure and function, has been extensively studied globally. In our recently published study, we identified an association between keloid scar development and EPCs. However, there is still no systematic review in this regard. Conclusions: This paper provides information on preventing keloids and further understanding the cause of this disease by reviewing previous studies on the association between keloids and EPCs.