Factors Associated with 24-Hour Clinical Outcome of Emergency Patients; a Cohort Study

Introduction: Pre-hospital and in-hospital emergency management play an important role in quality of care for emergency patients. This prospective cohort study aimed to determine factors associated with the 24-hour clinical outcome of emergency patients. Methods: The sample included 1,630 patients, randomly selected through multi-stage stratified sampling from 13 hospitals in 13 provinces of Thailand. Data were collected during January-November 2018. Clinical outcome was determined using pre-arrest sign score. Data were analyzed via ordinal multivariate regression analysis. Results: Factors influencing 24-hour clinical outcome of emergency patients were age (OR: 0.965; 95% CI: 0.96-0.97), having coronary vascular disease (CAD) (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.05-1.88), and severity of illness based on Rapid Emergency Medical Score (REMS) (OR:1.09; 95% CI: 1.05- 1.15). Self-transportation and being transported by emergency medical service ambulance with non-advanced life support (EMS-Non-ALS) did not influence clinical outcome when compared to EMS-ALS transport. Being transported from a community hospital increased pre-arrest sign score 1.78 times when compared to EMS-ALS (OR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.17-2.72). Increased transportation distance increased the risk of poor clinical outcome (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.002-1.011). Length of stay in emergency department (ED-LOS) more than 4 hours (OR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.15-0.29) and between 2-4 hours (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.47-0.75) decreased the risk of poor clinical outcome when compared to ED-LOS less than 2 hours. Conclusion: Having CAD, severity of illness, increased transport distance, and ED-LOS less than 2 hours were found to negatively influence 24-hour clinical outcome of emergency patients.