Histological Evaluation of Vitronectin Protein/Angiopoietin-Like 4 Protein on Bone Healing in Rats

Aims Bone defect repair is still a serious clinical orthopedic issue. To preserve skeletal integrity, bone is a highly vascularized tissue that relies on a close spatial and temporal interaction between blood vessels and bone cells. The aim of the study was to see if the local application of vitronectin protein /angiopoietin-like 4 protein as an autoinducer could help with bone repair. Material & Methods In this study, 48 albino male rats weighing 300-400 grams and aged 6-8 months were employed under temperature, drinking, and food consumption control conditions. The animals were subjected to a surgical procedure on the medial side of the tibiae bone. In the control group, the bone defect was treated with a local application of an absorbable hemostatic sponge, whereas in the experimental group, which was divided into three subgroups, a group I the bone defect was treated with a local application of 1mg vitronectin protein, group II with a local application of 1mg angiopoietin-like 4 protein, and group III with a local application of a combination of the two (0.5mg vitronectin protein and 0.5 mg of angiopoietin-like 4). The absorbable hemostatic sponge was used to fix all of the experimental groups. 14 and 28 days following surgery, the rats were slaughtered (six rats for each period). Findings In comparison to other groups, bone defects treated with local application of both vitronectin and angiopoietin protein exhibit new bone formation with a high bone cell count and high bone architectures in terms of trabecular number, bone marrow area, and bone marrow space. Conclusion The findings of this investigation revealed that a combination of vitronectin and angiopoietin-like proteins exhibited potential efficacy in boosting bone defect healing.