Multi-Criteria Analysis of Biogas Feed Fuel Cell-Based Electricity Generation: Economic and Environmental Factors

Penetration of renewable energy in the energy generation mix must be viewed from different angles. This issue shall not only cover the technological part, but also economic, environmental, and social criteria. The fuel cell provides huge potential with less reliance on fossil fuel-based electricity generation. This paper aims to model the optimum design of fuel cell-based electricity generation in Malaysia. Economic and environmental aspects are indicators that contribute to designing an optimum model. Both Multi-Criteria Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process were employed in order to decide on the optimum site for the system. Truck transportation, biogas storage, and fuel cell system are among the most important criteria that provide final weighted criteria. Considering both criteria for the economic and environment concerns, the best optimum location is in Sarawak State. The findings of this study influence the decision-making and help researchers and decision-makers develop proper strategies in the renewable energy roadmap.