A Review on the Development of Aptamer Immobilization Techniques in Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Viruses Detection

Electrochemical biosensors have been widely used to detect several biomolecules, such as viruses, because they have been shown to have several advantages, including portability, good sensitivity, high specificity, fast response, and easy to use. A biosensor that utilizes aptamer as a bioreceptor is known as an aptasensor. Compared with antibodies, aptamer has several advantages, such as smaller size, easy synthesis and chemical modification, thermal stability, lower toxicity, high affinity, and excellent sensitivity. Aptasensor exhibits very high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility to a wide variety of target analytes. This review explains, that the aptamer can be immobilized on the surface of the electrode by various immobilization techniques. This review describes the use of the aptamer-based biosensor for viruses detection including the development of the aptamer immobilization technique in an electrochemical aptasensor. Several applications of using the aptamer-based biosensor for viruses detection including the development of the aptamer immobilization technique in electrochemical aptasensor in the last past eight years are proposed in this review.