A systematic review of gold nanoparticles as novel cancer therapeutics

Objective(s):The current systematic study has reviewed the therapeutic potential of gold nanoparticles as nano radiosensitizers for cancer radiation therapy.   Materials and Methods: This study was done to review nano radiosensitizers. PubMed, Ovid Medline, Science Direct, SCOPUS, ISI web of knowledge, Springer databases were searched from 2000 to September 2013 to identify appropriate studies. Any study that assessed nanoparticles, candidate of radio enhancement at radiotherapy on animals or cell lines was included by two independent reviewers.  Results: Gold nanoparticles can enhance radiosenstivity of tumor cells. This effect is shown in vivo and in vitro, at kilovoltage or megavoltage energies, in 15 reviewed studies. Emphasis of studies was on gold nanoparticles. Radiosensitization of nanoparticles depend on nanoparticles’ size, type, concentration, intracellular localization, used irradiation energy and tested cell line.    Conclusion:  Study outcomes have showed that gold nanoparticles have been beneficial at cancer radiation therapy.