Determination of heavy metals including Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cr in edible fishes Liza abu, Brachirus orientalis and attributed cancer and non-cancer risk assessment

Background: Heavy metals are considered as pollutants polluting aquatic ecosystems because of their toxic effects and bioaccumulation in organisms. They can cause chronic poisoning when ingested by human. The present study was conducted to determine the concentration of heavy metals, mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) in the muscle tissue of Liza abu and Brachirus orientalis fish in Mahshahr, and also, to estimate the risk of muscle consumption of these fish. Methods: Forty samples of both fish species were randomly selected and after preparation and extraction and digestion processes, the metals were measured using ICP-OES Agilent Model 5100. Results: The mean concentrations of Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cr in the muscle tissue of the Liza abu fish were 0.616 ± 0.383, 1.227 ± 1.77, 0.076 ± 0.030, and 0.567 ± 0.267 mg/kg dry weight, and in the muscle tissue of the Brachirus orientalis fish were 0.846 ± 0.659, 0.515 ± 1.245, 0.061 ± 0.047, and 0.586 ± 0.548 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. HI for Liza abu and Brachirus orientalis was 0.025 and 0.336, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the concentrations of Hg and Cr in the muscle tissue of Liza abu and Brachirus orientalis were slightly higher than some global standards such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). HQ index was below 1 for two fish species, meaning that there was no non-carcinogenic risk. In all samples analyzed, carcinogenic risk Cr was slightly above the permissible limit of 1×10^-4 to 1×10^-6 ،other metals were in this range.