Risk Factors for In-hospital Mortality of Patients with COVID-19 in Iran: A Cross-sectional Study from Six Pandemic Waves

Background: Demographic factors, hospital status, and comorbidities affect the mortality of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Aim: This cross-sectional study was performed with aim to evaluate the mortality predictors of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in northeastern Iran (Mashhad city). Method: In this retrospective study, the electronic records (demographic data, clinical variables, and comorbid conditions) of survived and non-survived hospitalized COVID-19 patients were searched from March 2021 to March 2022 during six pandemic waves. Results: Analysis of 59099 hospitalized COVID-19 patients showed the mean age of 54.4722.5 years (female: 46.92%). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, masculinity, respiratory distress, and loss of consciousness among demographic data and clinical variables significantly contributed to mortality (OR 1, P 0.05). Diabetes, cancer, respiratory diseases, kidney diseases, and immunodeficiency diseases increased the chance of death. High SpO2 ( 93) protected against death (OR 1, P 0.05). Implications for Practice: The results of the present study revealed that the clinical outcome of COVID-19 infection is highly affected by demographic, clinical, and comorbidity factors. Several factors including age, masculinity, respiratory distress, loss of consciousness, diabetes, cancer, respiratory, kidney and immunodeficiency diseases had a risk effect on COVID-19 death during six pandemic waves. Also, high SpO2 ( 93) was detected as a protective factor for death followed by COVID-19 infection.