Role of Hip Arthroscopy in the Treatment of Avascular Necrosis of the Hip: A Systematic Review

Background: Avascular necrosis (AVN) or osteonecrosis of the femoral head occurs as a result of a vascular supply disruption that could lead to hip osteoarthritis. Recently, several joint-preserving procedures have been suggested to improve the outcome of AVN, including hip arthroscopy. This systematic review aimed to investigate the role of hip arthroscopy to preserve hip joints suffering from AVN.Methods: This review was conducted to collect data on hip arthroscopy from the available literature for the management of AVN. The collected articles included those that were focused mainly on the management of AVN assisted by arthroscopy and published up to 2020 that were searched in four databases using such keywords as “Avascular Necrosis”, “AVN”, and “Osteonecrosis” in combination with “Hip Arthroscopy” or “Arthroscopic Hip Surgery”. Results: In total, 13 articles met the eligibility criteria, and no severe complications were reported after arthroscopy in patients with AVN. Moreover, the Harris scores were higher than 79 after the operation. The majority of the assessments showed that the use of arthroscopy was effective in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with AVN, except for one study, which had been performed on patients with stage IV AVN. Conclusion: The findings supported the idea that hip arthroscopy is effective in the treatment of AVN. This approach is becoming more popular for the diagnosis and treatment of hip disorders.Level of evidence: