HPLC analysis, phytochemical screening, in-vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Annona muricata L. fruit extracts

Annona muricata L. belongs to the family Annonaceae with a huge number of secondary metabolites representing a wide variety of pharmacological actions. This study evaluated the secondary metabolites, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of A. muricata fruits extracts. The methanolic fruit extracts showed higher amounts of total phenols, tannin and flavonoids (289.63 ± 2.3 GAE mg/g, 121.02 ± 3.4 GAE mg/g, and 86.24 ± 3.1 RE mg/g), whereas HPLC analysis of methanol fruit extracts revealed the presence of major phenolic isoforms, especially coumaric acid (2 mg/g), catechin (0.22 mg/g), rutin (0.54 mg/g), and quercetin (0.64 mg/g). The FTIR spectrum analysis showed the presence of phenolic and carbolic groups. In addition, 100 µg/mL methanolic fruit extract of A. muricata displayed the maximum zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (12.3 ± 0.07 mm) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11 ± 0.09 mm) altogether accounting for the potential in vitro antibacterial activity of the methanol extract of A. muricata L.