Design optimization of a low-speed small-scale modular axial flux permanent magnet synchronous generator for urban wind turbine application

Small wind turbines can generate clean energy in diverse locations, from urban centers to rural areas without access to the main grids. This study proposes design optimization of an axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) synchronous machine for small scale portable applications. At first, a fast, accurate and pragmatic hybrid analytical model is proposed for performance prediction of the machine. The proposed model is then used as a basis for a direct search optimization process with factual constrains and objective functions to improve the machine in terms of efficiency, weight and to ease the manufacturing process. 3 Dimensional Time Stepping Finite Element Method (3-DTSFEM) is utilized to validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model and optimization methodology. Output characteristic of the machine from both analytical model and 3-DTSFEM are compared to each other that proves the functionality of the proposed study.