detection of acra and acrb efflux pumps in multidrug-resistant klebsiella pneumonia that isolated from wounds infection patients in al-diwaniyah province

many infections produced by multidrug-resistant (mdr) klebsiella pneumoniae are the main cause of death and treatment restrictions worldwide. in k. pneumoniae, the efflux pump system is dangerous in drug resistance. therefore, this study was designed to investigate the involvement of the acra and acrb efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance in klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from wound patients. during june 2021-february 2022, 87 clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumonia bacteria were obtained from wound samples patients consulted to the hospitals in al-diwaniyah province, iraq. the disc diffusion method performed an antibiotic susceptibility test after microbiological/biochemical identification. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique was used to examine efflux genes’ prevalence (acra and acrb). the results showed that resistance to carbenicillin 72 (82.7%), erythromycin 66 (75.8%), rifampin 58 (66.6%), ceftazidime 52 (59.7%), cefotaxime 44 (50.5%), novobiocin 38 (43.6%), tetracycline 32 (36.7%), ciprofloxacin 22 (25.2%), gentamicin 16 (18.3%), nitrofurantoin 6 (10.3%) in klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. the pcr procedure revealed that the occurrence of the acra and acrb genes is 55 (100%) and 55 (100%), respectively. the findings of this investigation show that the acra and acrb efflux pumps play a crucial character in antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae bacterial isolates. as a result of the unintentional transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes, precise detection of resistance genes using molecular approaches is required to switch the extent of resistant strains.