The effect of ethanol wet bonding technique on postoperative hypersensitivity of Class II composite restorations: A randomized trial

Background: Patients with diabetes mellitus suffer from an additional macrophage dysfunction inthe secretion of growth factor, which later decreases transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‑β1).This condition disrupts proliferation and angiogenesis. Extract of okra fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus)contains flavonoid, an active substance which acts as antioxidant, anti‑inflammation, and antidiabetes.The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference in TGF‑β1 expression in wound‑healingprocess after tooth extraction of diabetic Wistar rats.Materials and Methods: This is a laboratory experimental study using pretest and posttest on 24Wistar rats which are divided into two groups: control group (treated with streptozotocin inductionbut without administration of okra fruit extract) and treatment group (treated with streptozotocininduction and oral administration of 250 mg/kg okra fruit extract once a day). Extractions of therats’ mandibular left incisors were performed using a pair of modified forceps and an elevator.Thetooth sockets were then irrigated using saline solution. Four rats in each group were sacrificed onday 3 (KO1, PO1), 5 (KO2, PO2), and 7 (KO3, PO3). The socket tissues from the rats were thenimmunohistochemically analyzed. Data were analyzed at level significance of 0.05.Results: The average level of TGF‑β1 expression in the treatment groups was higher compared tothe control group: PO1 (11.59 ± 0.58), PO2 (15.15 ± 1.07), and PO3 (18.75 ± 2.73) as comparedto KO1 (5.32 ± 1.69), KO2 (8.47 ± 0.60), and KO3 (9.28 ± 1.16) with P = 0.001.Conclusion: The administration of okra fruit extract can increase the level of TGF‑β1 in woundsafter tooth extraction of diabetic Wistar rats.