Clinico-Epidemiological and Angiographic Profiles of Patients With Premature Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background: Indians are more susceptible to young acute coronary syndrome (ACS), with about a fourth of the inflicted population below 40 years of age. However, the Indian population is diverse and the need for population-specific characteristics cannot be emphasized. We sought to determine the clinico-epidemiological profile of cases with young ACS among the regional population. Methods: The present prospective observational study was carried out in a high-volume tertiary cardiac care center in north Karnataka. Patients aged below 40 years who were hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction between 2017 and 2019 to undergo invasive cardiac procedures were studied for clinico-epidemiological features. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 23.0, and Microsoft Office 2007. All the patients’ characteristics were summarized descriptively. Results: The mean age of the study population was 36.23±3.89 years, and men were more inflicted than women (75.9% vs 24.1%). The urban population was affected more than the rural population (60.2% vs 39.8%). Most of the study population presented with chest pain (83.5%). Angiography revealed significant single-vessel disease with the involvement of the left anterior descending artery (50.3%). The common complications noted were mitral regurgitation (29.32%) and heart failure (25.5%). Conclusions: Young ACS is almost confined to men, and chest pain is the main presentation. Single-vessel disease is more common with the left anterior descending artery being the most involved vessel.