Essential Oil, Phenol and Flavonoid Contents in Leaves and Fruits of Prunus scoparia (Spach) C.K. Schneid. Populations

Medicinal plants are rich in secondary metabolites that constitute the composition of many drugs. The quantity and quality of these valuable materials are affected by environmental factors. The present study evaluated biochemical properties in leaves and fruits for three populations of Prunus scoparia (Spach) C.K. Schneid. Analysis of essential oil (EO) samples was performed by using GC and GC–MS. The results showed that total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of leaves in population 2 (Markazi) were 39.01 and 11.32 mg/g DW respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity in population 2 was 45.5 % in leaves. Fruit EO content was 33% in population 1 (Lorestan). Heat map analysis distinguished two different clusters as one cluster for population 2 and another cluster for populations 1 and 3. The GC/MS analysis showed the main EO composition of fruits were Benzaldehyde (15.19-18.65%) followed by n-Hexadecanoic acid (14.67-18.3%), Benzyl Alcohol (4.12-6.42%), and 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, ethyl ester (4.9-6.28%). In addition, the major EO profile for leaves were Neophytadiene (3.2-15%), dehydroaromadendrene (7.4-13.9%), Borneol (7.12-10.4%), cis-3-Hexenyl benzoate (6.4-9.5), trans-beta-Ionone (4.3-7.8%), Eugenol (2.3-7.3%), Benzyl benzoate (2.7-4.12%), and Di-epi-alpha-cedrene-(I) (2-5.5%).