Vitamin B2 Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Magnetic Nanoparticles/ Orange Peel Composite: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology

In this study, the removal of vitamin B2 from the aqueous solution using a synthesized multi-component nano-magnetic adsorbent modified by orange peel was studied. The structure and the morphology of the prepared nanocomposite were characterized using Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR), X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) techniques. The average size of the synthesized nanoparticles was 80 nm. The effect of experimental parameters such as pH, amount of adsorption, and contact time on vitamin B2 adsorption was investigated. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on the Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to obtain the optimum conditions for removing vitamin B2. Results revealed that the pH=5, adsorbent dosage of 0.4 g, and contact time of 180 min were obtained as optimum conditions. The isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin) and kinetic (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order) studies were assessed. The data were fitted well with Langmuir (R²=0.9984) with qmax=53.47 mg/g and pseudo-second-order (R²=0.9984) models. The results showed that the two-component magnetic nanoparticle modified with orange peel, as an adsorbent, was suitable for the process of vitamin B2 adsorption from the aqueous solution.