An Analysis of the Clinical and Laboratory Profiles of Patients Diagnosed with Multiple Myeloma in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background and aim: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm characterized by the proliferation of terminally differentiated B lymphoid cells, producing monoclonal antibodies and significant end-organ damage. It is the second most common hematological malignancy after lymphoma, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to explore MM’s clinical and laboratory characteristics in a specific region with limited resource settings, emphasizing the importance of early detection and intervention.Material and methods: The present study was performed from January 2019 to June 2022 in a tertiary healthcare facility. A detailed clinical history was recorded. Various laboratory parameters were assessed. Diagnosis was established using the criteria provided by the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The staging of the patients was conducted according to the Durie-Salmon staging system and CRAB criteria. Prognostic factors were assessed using the ISS system.Results: Fifty-four newly diagnosed cases were studied. The results reinforced that MM primarily affects the middle-aged and elderly, particularly males. Common clinical presentations included generalized weakness, pallor, and renal dysfunction, while anemia and thrombocytopenia were frequently observed. Bone marrow analysis revealed a high percentage of plasma cells, with most cases categorized as Durie-Salmon stage III.Conclusions: This research contributes to a better understanding of MM’s clinical and laboratory characteristics. Further research and collaborative efforts involving larger cohorts and current staging systems are recommended for deeper insights into this complex hematological malignancy, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes.