Title of article :
The Incidence of Lung Cancer and Smoking in Iran, Turkey, England, and the USA: A Comparative Study
Author/Authors :
Sheikh ، Samira Student Research Committee - Semnan University of Medical Scienses , Poursadeghian ، Mohsen Department of Occupational Health Engineering - Ardabil University of Medical Sciences , Rohaninasab ، Marzieh Department of Aestetic and Restorative - School of Dental - Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus , Vatani ، Javad Department of Occupational Health Engineering - Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, School of Health - Guilan University of Medical Sciences , Akhlaghi Pirposhteh ، Elham Department of Occupational Health Engineering - School of Medical Sciences - Tarbiat Modares University , Ahmadi-Mazhin ، Sadegh Department of Public Health - School of Health - Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Salehi Sahlabadi ، Ali Department of Occupational Health Engineering - School of Health and Safety - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Eshaghzadeh ، Maliheh Department of Nursing - Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery - Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences , Dehghan Nayeri ، Amir Hassan Student Research Committee - Semnan University of Medical Scienses , Khammar ، Alireza Department of Occupational Health Engineering - Toxicology and Addiction Research Center, School of Health - Zabol University of Medical Sciences
Abstract :
Objectives: Lung cancer is the deadliest and the costliest cancer in the world. In this study, we compared the situation of this disease in several countries by considering the most important risk factor of lung cancer (smoking). Methods: This is a comparative study, a comprehensive one which was done on lung cancer rates in four countries: Iran, Turkey, England, and the USA, during the past twenty years (2002-2021). Age-standardized rate (ASR) index and the percentage of smokers were extracted from available information in the World Health Organization (WHO) databases, The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Health Statistics 2021, and other valid related articles. After comparison, control procedures were examined. Results: England, with an ASR of 46, has the highest rate of lung cancer, and Iran, with an ASR of 21, has the lowest rate. Turkey has the highest percentage of smokers (29.3%), and the lowest percentage belongs to Iran (20%). Regarding the increasing trend of the ASR index, lung cancer in Iran and Turkey has had an upward trend, and England and the United States have a downward trend. Taxes on cigarettes are a significant factor in smoking reduction. Among these 4 countries, the lowest cigarette tax belongs to Iran (4.83%). Discussion: The result of this study shows that the incidence of lung cancer in Iran is rising, so following successful countries in imposing cigarette taxes can be an effective step to reduce smoking. Training programs, cultural improvement, and new diagnostic methods can also be useful in reducing lung cancer ASR.
Keywords :
Lung cancer , Age , standardized rate , Smoking
Journal title :
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal (IRJ)
Journal title :
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal (IRJ)
