Photodegradation of Tetracycline Drug from Aqueous Solution Using ZnO/WO₃ Nanocomposite Surface: Experimental, Quantum Chemistry Calculation and DFT

The hybrid nano sized material ZnO-WO3 nanocomposite was synthesized utilizing as known hydrothermal method. The incorporation of WO3 NPs into the zinc oxide structure raised the porosity and surface area, besides a rise in the number of active sites and function of the composite, which can enhance the photo-catalytic method to remove tetracycline (TC) drug, according to structural analyzes utilizing SEM, XRD, and TEM. All experiment was performed utmost best condition concentration of TC drug of 20 mg/L, and solution pH 4.8, the results displayed that the phot-catalytic degradation raised with decreasing TC drug concentration (99.87 %-77.55 %) when concentration increased (10-50 mg/L) and photocatalytic degradation increased when the mass of ZnO-WO3 nanocomposite increase (58.43 % to 97.99 %). The photo-catalytic degradation method showed that after 60 min, it led to the Tc drug removal, and a degradation capacity of equal to 82.87 % was obtained utilizing zinc oxide nanoparticles, while the complete ZnO-WO3 NPs photo-catalytic method was found after 1 h of the photocatalytic method degradation capacity of up to 97.86%. Calculations of DFT approve that some properties, including Van der Waals force, electrostatic interaction, and hydrogen bonding, were the main steps for adsorption mechanisms in the synergistic interactions among TC drug and nano-composite surface.