Evaluation of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes Using Duodenal Biopsy in Patients with Celiac Disease

Innate immunity, along with cytokines like interleukin (IL)-15 and interferon, is a key factor in the development of celiac disease (CD). A T-bet is a distinct factor in T-box transcription. IFN gamma expression is correlated with T-box transcription in Th1 and natural killer cells. In an active CD, T-bet transcription is controlled. The present study aims to assess how intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) stained with T-bet are distributed in patients with celiac disease (CD). 250 patients took part in this trial. By integrating clinical pathology features, the CD was determined to be the most likely diagnosis for these patients. According to standard procedure, a duodenal biopsy was applied to formalin-embedded paraffin (FFPE) blocks. The slices were prepared and stained using T-bet hematoxylin and eosin (H and E). It was assessed how intraepithelial lymphocytes were distributed. By analyzing the results using the IBM (SPSS) program, it was found that there is a strong relationship between the number of T-bet-stained cells and the increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes (p-value = 0.001), where the distribution IEL was standard.