Study on the performance of wetlands and impact on water quality in a densely populated urban area in Amanaka, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India

The quality of groundwater (GW) depends on its surrounding environment, such as population, drains, ponds, and industries. This study evaluated the improvement of wastewater (WW) quality due to the wetland and ponds in the Amanaka, Raipur region of Chhattisgarh, India, and their impact on GW. Water samples were taken at four different locations to measure physicochemical parameters: pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), nitrate nitrogen (NN), and total phosphorus (TP). The removal efficiency (RE) obtained through the wetland was 50.0% for BOD5, 87.9% for COD, 71.4% for TKN, 87.2% for NN, and 56.5% for TP from the influent. The obtained RE from the wetland to the pond was 72.6% for BOD5, 40.0% for COD, and 89.6% for TP during the pre-monsoon. According to the findings, GW quality was good, even though ponds, wetlands, and some small-scale industries surround it. The government should also monitor landfills, home garbage, and agricultural activities for sustained GW quality. All borewell water is drinkable.