Title of article
Dynamic Changes in Metabolites of the Kynurenine Pathway in Alzheimer’s Disease, and Huntington’s Disease: A Systematic Review of Pre-clinical Studies
Author/Authors
Ahmadi ، Farzaneh Department of Neurology - School of Medicine - Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Behzadi ، Saleh Student Research Committee - Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences , Aghazadeh-Habashi ، Komeil Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine - Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Eyvani ، Kimia Student Research Committee, School of Medicine - Guilan University of Medical Sciences , Fatehi ، Anita Student Research Committee, School of Medicine - Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Alipour ، Milad Department of Medicine - Faculty of Medicine - Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch , Sodeifian ، Fatemeh Student Research Committee, School of Medicine - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Rahmani Khajeh ، Faraz Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine - Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , AzariBakhsh ، AmirMahdi Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine - Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Nazerian ، Amirhossein Student Research Committee, School of Medicine - Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tavasol ، Arian Student Research Committee, School of Medicine - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Klegeris ، Andis Department of Biology - Faculty of Science - University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus , McElhinney ، Alyssa Department of Biology - Faculty of Science - University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus , Markazi-moghaddam ، Nader \Department of Anesthesiology - Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, School of Medicine - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Fathi ، Mohammad Department of Anesthesiology - Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, School of Medicine - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Hajiesmaeili ، Mohammadreza Department of Anesthesiology - School of Medicine, Iran.; Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Nooraei ، Navid Department of Anesthesiology - Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, School of Medicine - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
From page
174
To page
189
Abstract
Background: Alterations in the kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolite can contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of many psychiatric and neurodegenerative illnesses, including Alzheimer disease (AD) and Huntington disease (HD), primarily through neuroinflammatory pathways and generating neurotoxic metabolites. Objectives: This systematic review highlights the evidence obtained by in vivo animal studies on alterations in KP metabolites and enzymes in AD and HD. Materials Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases from the beginning of 2000 to January 2024 and included English-language in vivo articles comparing levels of KP metabolites or enzymes in rats or mice AD or HD models with controls. Results: A total of 19 studies, comprising 93 experimental and 95 control animals, were included. In AD models compared to controls, the following changes were reported: higher levels of tryptophan (TRP) in blood; higher kynurenine (KYN) levels in the cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and prefrontal cortex; higher quinolinic acid (QUIN) levels in the hippocampus and cerebrum; higher indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenases levels in the cerebrum, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus; and a higher KYN/TRP ratio in the hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum. Reports on HD models compared to controls showed higher 3-hydroxykynurenine levels in the striatum and cortex and lowered TRP levels in the striatum. Conclusion: According to the primary outcomes, KP alterations may lead to the progression of AD and HD. These two diseases can also change the KP pathway factors. Here, we highlighted that changes in the KP metabolites and enzyme levels can help diagnose and treat these diseases.
Keywords
Kynurenine (KYN) , Alzheimer disease (AD) , Huntington disease (HD) , Tryptophan (TRP)
Journal title
Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences
Journal title
Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences
Record number
2760855
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