Evaluation of Imidacloprid-induced toxicity and lipid peroxidation in the freshwater bivalve, Lamellidens marginalis

The toxicity of the neonicotinoid pesticide Imidacloprid was tested on Lamellidens marginalis by 96-hours LC50 test and histopathology. After acute exposure to Imidacloprid, histopathological changes were noted in the gill, mantle, and digestive gland. Exposed gills showed deformed interfilamental space, fused lamellae, disrupted chitenous rod, and vacuolated cytoplasm. In the mantle, damage was observed in the inner and outer mantle epithelium and vacuole in connective tissue. The digestive gland has ruptured the digestive tubule, and basement membrane, the lumen deteriorates, and the cytoplasm appears vacuolated. Lipid peroxidation was also observed after the exposure. These findings suggest that acute exposure to Imidacloprid caused significant histological alterations in vital organs and can affect the non-targeted freshwater bivalve Lamellidens marginalis.