Exploring the Potential of Alternative Methods to Monitor the Impact of Nanomaterials on Corals Using Gorgonia ventalina as a Model Organism

The environmental fate and biological effects of nanomaterials in marine ecosystems are of increasing concern, yet monitoring techniques remain limited. This study explores alternative methods to evaluate the influence of Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) on corals using Gorgonia ventalina as a model organism. Through energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), we traced AuNP accumulation within coral tissues. Raman spectroscopy revealed an elevation in polyene content, signifying a stress response attributable to nanoparticle exposure. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated a reduction in calcium levels, while the Bradford assay indicated a decrease in protein concentration, suggesting a disruption in the calcification process vital to coral health. These findings highlight the utility of these alternative analytical techniques in providing comprehensive insights into the effects of nanomaterials on corals. The integration of these methods offers a more robust framework for environmental monitoring, with the potential to inform conservation strategies for marine ecosystems amid growing nanoparticle use