The Effect of Herbal Tablets from Chrysophyllum cainito L. Leaves Extract on Increasing Osteoblast Cell Number and Bone Mass Density in Wistar Rats

The presence of bone metabolic imbalances in bone remodelling is the cause of osteoporosis. Phytoestrogens, natural compounds found in plants with estrogen-like properties, can be obtained from the leaves of Chrysophyllum cainito L, and are capable of replacing the role of estrogen in maintaining the regulation of bone remodelling, which inhibits osteoporosis. The study aims to determine the activity of herbal tablets formulated from the ethanol extract of C. cainito leaves (CLT) in increasing osteoblast cell number and bone mass density in the femur and vertebrae trabecular bone of the osteoporosis-induced Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus). The rats used were 35 female ovarectomized Wistar rats. After the rats underwent osteoporosis due to estrogen deficiency, alendronate (0.18 mg/200 g BW rats/day) was used as a positive control, whereas CLT was given at doses of 24.3, 48.6, and 97.2 mg/200g BW rats/day orally. This study used a 400x light microscope to look at the osteoblast cell number and bone mass density. The cells were coloured with hematoxylin and eosin. The results demonstrate that CLT in all doses can significantly increase both the osteoblast cell number and bone mass density in the trabecular femur and vertebrae, with an optimal dose of 48.6 mg/200 g BW rats/day. CLT has antiosteoporosis activity due to its phytoestrogen compounds, so it has the potential to be used as an antiosteoporosis alternative therapy.