Development of Multi-Layer Nanofiber Scaffolds for Corneal Epithelial Layer Using Silk Fibroin, Collagen, Aloe Vera, and Epithelial Growth Factor

This research aimed to develop and evaluate various multi-layer nanofiber scaffolds using different scaffold compounds, including Silk fibroin, Silk fibroin/Collagen, Silk fibroin/collagen/Aloe vera, silk fibroin/Collagen/Aloe vera/ epithelial growth factor, for tissue engineering of the corneal epithelial layer. The scaffolds were characterized from both engineering and biological perspectives. The study successfully prepared nanofiber scaffolds with appropriate thickness and structure, possessing desirable engineering and biological properties for corneal repair. The scaffolds were based on silk fibroin and collagen, supplemented with aloe vera and Epithelial Growth Factor (EGF) to enhance corneal regeneration. The fabrication involved a combination of electrospinning and electrospraying techniques to create three-layer nanofiber scaffolds. Engineering properties, such as degradability (weight loss), water contact angle, growth factor release, and static and dynamic mechanical properties, were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Biological characteristics, including cell binding, cell viability, and the scaffold differentiation potential, were also investigated. The obtained results demonstrated the successful development of nanofiber scaffolds with suitable thickness, structure, and desirable engineering and biological properties for corneal tissue engineering. The developed scaffold holds potential as a viable alternative for repairing damaged corneal epithelial layers, offering a promising solution for corneal regeneration.