Molecular Study of Porphyromonas Gingivalis Strains With fimA Genotypes in Periodontitis Patients

Background and Aim: Porphyromonas gingivalis belongs to the phylum Bacteroidota which are non-motile, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, anaerobic, and pathogenic bacteria. It is found in the oral cavities where it is implicated in periodontal disease. This study aimed to isolate and identify Porphyromonas gingivalis from the oral cavities of patients with gingivitis and periodontal disease in Misan Governorate Center, Iraq. Materials and Methods: The samples were collected from 50 patients aged 11-70 years old, including 21 (43%) females and 29 (57%) males. The Gram-negative pathogenic bacterial isolates were found to be the most frequent bacterial population. After incubation of bacteria on blood agar, the plates were examined for small, shiny, coccobacilli, black-pigmented, and mucoid colonies. We also tested the medical sensitivity of some pathogenic bacterial strains against antibiotics such as Cefoxitin, Doxycycline, Ciprofloxacin, and Nalidixic acid. Results: The strains showed 100% resistance to the drugs used in the experiment. Periodontitis is caused by heterogeneous endodontic bacteria, which can be identified using species-specific PCR assays. The study successfully identified 100 anaerobic bacteria isolates using Vitek2 and 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The Porphyromonas gingivalis targeted region was found to be related to its ability. Conclusion: Identifying and quantifying Porphyromonas gingivalis and other periodontal infections using various methods in plaque samples is crucial. Porphyromonas gingivalis has filamentous components on its cell surface called fimbriae (FimA), which are believed to be crucial for the resistance, colonization, and invasion of the periodontal tissues. The most important cause of gingivitis was found to be Porphyromonas gingivalis bacterial isolation and the age group from 31-70 or more were the most affected by gingivitis and periodontitis. According to the molecular analysis, it was also discovered that the genes of Fimbriae are among the most significant factors that promote the disease of gingivitis and periodontitis.