Isolation of Enzyme Hyaluronidase from Naja Nigricollis Venom and Its Effect on the Liver, Kidney, and Heart on Laboratory Mice

Snakebite-related issues have long been significant from an economic and medical standpoint. Since anti-snake venom and facilities for storing it are unavailable in remote regions, managing and treating snake envenomation has always been problematic due to the anti-venom s high specificity and volatility. The majority of the activity of snake venom after a bite is often caused by venom enzymes. The degradation of hyaluronate, one of the constituents of vertebrate extracellular matrix, is facilitated by the hyaluronidase enzyme. These enzymes are extensively documented in snake venoms and aid in the dissemination of the principal toxins in the victim s body after envenomation. Originally referred to as spreading factor , hyaluronidase has not received much research attention. The purpose of this work is to extract and partially purify hyaluronidase from the venom of Naja nigricollis, as well as to characterize the enzyme s effects on a few key mouse organs (liver, kidney, and heart) and to provide a systematic assessment of the enzyme s spreading property. A two-step procedure was used to isolate and purify the enzymes. First, gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 was used, and then the active fractions were added to ion-exchange chromatography on Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose, and then SDS-PAGE was used to analyze the active venom fractions for the molecular weight extrapolation enzyme.