Temporal distribution of sea current s kinetic energy in the middle Caspian basin

This study examines the changes in current speeds and the related energies in the Caspian Sea using the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) output during 2018. Identifying and extracting eddies is crucial for determining the energy transfer of water masses, as well as the distribution of temperature and salinity. The results indicate that temperature variations at the western boundary of the central basin during cold months reflect the inflow of cold waters from the northern basin to the western section due to the counterclockwise circulation of the central basin. Moreover, in warm seasons, the decrease in temperature at the eastern boundary compared to the western boundary may be attributed to the phenomenon of upwelling. Furthermore, the changes in eddy kinetic energy (EKE) relative to mean kinetic energy (MKE) are associated to variations in Reynolds stress (RS). During warm seasons, the positive trend in RS, which signifies a change in flow direction, leads to an increase in the difference between EKE and MKE.