Author/Authors :
Hajehforoush ، Nasim-Sadat Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery - Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Rezai ، Mohammad Sadegh Department of Pediatrics - Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute - Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Farnia ، Samaneh Department of Psychiatry - Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute - Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Ali Mohammadpour Tahamtan ، Reza Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology - Diabetes Research Center - Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Azimi Lolaty ، Hamideh Department of Psychiatric Nursing - Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute and Psychosomatic Research Center - Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Abstract :
Background: Injection-induced anxiety in children is a significant issue, as the pain from injections creates both physical and psychological stress, reducing the child s tolerance and cooperation. Objectives: To determine the effect of watching a cartoon on venipuncture-induced pain and anxiety among 3 - 6-year-old hospitalized children. Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, children admitted to the pediatric ward of Bu-Alisina Hospital in Sari were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. For the intervention group, the distraction technique of watching a cartoon was used during venipuncture. The demographic and medical information was collected using a questionnaire, and pain and anxiety were assessed using the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS)-Parents version, the face, legs, activity, cry, and consolability (FLACC) Behavioral Pain Scale, and the Facial Image Scale (FIS) before and during venipuncture. Data analysis was performed using non-parametric tests, with a significance level set at less than 0.05. Results: A total of 140 children were studied in two groups, with 78 (55.71%) being boys. The mean age of children in the intervention group was 52.44 ± 14.37 months, and in the control group, it was 50.91 ± 15.66 months. In the intervention group, the mean pain ranks before and after venipuncture were 4.17 ± 2.36 and 6.0 ± 2.42, respectively, while in the control group, they were 4.40 ± 1.96 and 6.93 ± 2.21, respectively. The mean anxiety ranks before and after venipuncture were 2.61 ± 1.32 and 3.26 ± 1.35 in the intervention group, and 2.80 ± 1.016 and 3.80 ± 0.99 in the control group. The mean pain and anxiety ranks after venipuncture were significantly different between the groups (P 0.05). Additionally, the mean ranks of pain and anxiety before and after venipuncture were significantly different within both groups (P 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, the cartoon distraction technique effectively reduced pain and anxiety caused by venipuncture in children.
Keywords :
Cartoon , Child , Preschool , Venipuncture , Anxiety , Pain
