DNA Methyltransferase Inhibition by RG108 Improves Stemness and Multipotential Differentiation of Human Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells

Background: DNA methylation plays important roles in regulating various biological processes, including self-renewal, differentiation and regenerative capacity of stem cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that lineage-specific differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells can be promoted using nontoxic chromatin-modifying drugs.Objectives: Here we evaluated the impact of RG108, a known DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, on the expression of pluripotency genes in human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADSCs) and their proliferation and differentiation.Materials and Methods: Human ADSCs were isolated by collagenase treatment and characterized. Then, ADSCs were treated with 5 µM RG108 for four days. The control and RG108-treated cells were analyzed for the cell cycle progression, apoptosis and the expression of pluripotency genes. Also, ADSCs were cultured in adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation media for three weeks and were assessed by Oil Red O and Alizarin Red S staining and qPCR analysis.Results: We showed that RG108 treatment increased proliferation of hADSCs and upregulated the expression of pluripotency-related genes. Additionally, RG108 had a positive impact on the differentiation capability of ADSCs. This was evident through elevated levels of Oil Red O staining in the RG108 treatment group. Also, qPCR analysis showed the upregulation of some adipogenic and osteogenic markers by RG108.Conclusion: These findings indicate that pretreatment with RG108 improves the differentiation potential of ADSCs, probably making these cells more beneficial for cell therapy applications.