Evaluation of the role of the yard in the spatial configuration of urban schools in order to improve functional efficiency (Case Studies: Chaharbagh, Marvi, Alborz, Firouz Bahram schools)

The courtyard has a special place in the spatial structure of traditional Iranian architecture and in addition to climatic applications, it has also been very important from a functional point of view. In this way, by placing it in the center of the building and the arrangement of other spaces around it. This essential member of Iranian schools has been removed from the spatial structure of many schools due to the lack of land and due to the density of buildings, or its location has been changed in terms of configuration, and its role in changing the functional performance of the building is ignored. This has pushed the purpose of the current research to investigate the role of the courtyard on the functional efficiency of schools. Accordingly, factors such as the type of geometry of the courtyard in the configuration of the building, its location were considered as the desired indicators in the present research. Therefore, in general, the research method will be quantitative and qualitative and Based on that, four schools with traditional, contemporary, and modern designs were selected as case examples, and analyzes related to measuring functional efficiency were performed on them using two methods of drawing graphs and using Depthmap software. Finally, the results the research showed that the presence of a courtyard with a central pattern and with a rectangular or square geometry creates the highest amount of functional efficiency in schools