Histopathological alterations of intestines, liver, kidneys, and spleen in Common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. infected by Staphylococcus lentus

Staphylococcal infections and bacterial diseases significantly impact fish production and can lead to various fish diseases. However, the effect of infection on aquatic animals, including fish, has only recently received attention. This study examines bacterial Staphylococcal infection in the intestines, liver, kidneys, and spleen in Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio. Through a comprehensive review that explored the infection of fish pathogens, the interaction between pathogens and fish, clinical findings, and histological effects on the immune responses of internal fish organs. The histological examinations of infections by Staphylococcus lentus revealed notable effects, including necrosis and increased numbers of melanocytic phagocytes, indicative of enteritis.