Relationship between MOX genes and antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in nosocomial infections

Drug resistance in microorganisms, specifically bacteria pathogens, is a serious threat to patients worldwide. Multidrug-resistance of bacteria to a broad spectrum of conventional antibiotics is the main hindrance to treating patients admitted to hospital. In this case, the increased emergence of multidrug-resistance mechanisms among Klebsiella pneumoniae nosocomial infections has limited the therapeutic options for treating bacterial infections such as intra-abdominal, urinary tract, and pneumonia infections. The beta-lactamase enzymes in these bacteria, as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), are the primary defense of gram-negative bacteria against a wide range of beta-lactam antibiotics. This review aimed to evaluate the role of MOX genes in the antibiotic resistance of K. pneumoniae strains isolated from hospitalized patients.