Medication adherence in kidney transplant recipients: A cross-sectional study from a nursing clinical practice perspective

Medication non-adherence is implicated as one of the major causes of early and late kidney transplant rejection. The present study aimed to evaluate medication adherence in kidney transplant recipients. The study design was cross-sectional and descriptive. The sample was 144 kidney transplant patients, and sampling was by convenience. The researchers collected data using a three-part questionnaire, including demographic characteristics, clinical features, and simplified medication adherence questionnaire (SMAQ). Findings suggest that medication adherence in participants was at the desired level (94.4%; 95% CI: 89.8-97.3; P 0.001) and the number of hospitalizations was a predictor of medication adherence in kidney transplant recipients (95% CI: 0.236-1.009; OR:0.488; P=0.053). The mean serum levels of Tacrolimus, Sirolimus, Cyclosporine, and Everolimus in kidney transplant recipients were 8.22 (SD=4.75), 59.66 (SD=82.71), 138.25 (SD=74.99), and 5.7, respectively. Glomerular filtration rate and serum levels of Tacrolimus and Cyclosporine were higher in patients with appropriate medication adherence than those with poor medication adherence (P 0.05). With the increasing number of hospitalizations, medication adherence in these patients decreased. Overall, the medication adherence in kidney transplant recipients at the Kidney Transplantation Referral Center was at the desired level. Therefore, medicating related training programs are a promising approach to improve the quality of life in kidney transplant recipients and potentially reduce the incidence of transplant rejections among kidney transplant patients.