Evaluation of Root Canal Morphology of the Maxillary Permanent First Molar among Iraqi Population: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study (Retrospective Study)

Purpose: Endodontic success is mainly depends on the complete root canal system debridement, both mechanically and chemically. Maxillary first molar possesses a root canal system that is one of the most complex anatomy. The aim of this study was to map the root canal anatomy of maxillary first molar and its variations. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to determine the prevalence of the second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) and its possible relation to the gender of the patient among Iraqi population. Materials and Methods: CBCT scan images from documented archives of 415 patients who had maxillofacial diagnosis or root canal treatment were used in this study. A total of 656 maxillary first molars (336 female and 320 male) were included. The configuration of the root canal, frequency of (MB2) and its bilateral symmetry was observed. The chi-square test was used to calculate the gender correlation. (p 0.05) was considered significant. Results: In (61.1%) of the cases, the MB2 canal was discovered with high bilateral symmetry (73.6%). Genders did not show any statistically significant differences. Conclusion: The presence of MB2 canal in the maxillary first molars is high and approximately more than the half of the cases. No relation was found between the existence of MB2 canal and the gender of the patient. CBCT is a clinically efficient method for the diagnosis and improvement of the root canal treatment.