Biopolymers as Topical Haemostatic Agents: Current Trends and Technologies

Hemostasis refers to the harmless practice of any surgical procedure or any other chronic ulcer which immediately requires therapy to prevent substantial blood loss and mortality from extreme hemorrhage in surgery/emergency conditions. Various natural, semi-synthetic as well as synthetic biopolymers are available with excellent hemostatic activity and further offer biodegradable and biocompatible nature with the live cells. Now a day’s biopolymers have become the most significant hemostatic agents used in emergency operations and surgical procedures. However, to date, there is no comprehensive report evaluating natural hemostatic materials based on biopolymers. Therefore, this current review attempts to combine the most advanced methods and secondly reviews various biopolymers including their preparation, origin, and composition, as well as safety and biodegradability. Insights on the various commercially available products based on biopolymers exhibiting hemostatic activity are well discussed. Thus, the paper summarizes the latest research work on commonly used biopolymers as the most widely used materials and provides an orientation for further research and development in this field.