Drug Delivery for Brains and Central Nervous System

This comprehensive review delves into the intricate challenges and recent advancements in drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS), with a primary focus on overcoming the formidable blood-brain barrier (BBB). The manuscript explores the protective barriers of crucial organs such as the skin, brain, and eyes, shedding light on the complexity of drug delivery systems. By emphasizing the significance of nanotechnology, particularly lipid nanoparticles, the study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of their unique properties and applications in CNS drug delivery. Various types of nanoparticles, including liposomes, cationic liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles, are discussed in detail. The review further outlines strategies to enhance BBB permeation, such as transiently increasing permeability, diffusion of lipophilic molecules, and transcytosis pathways, offering a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of CNS drug delivery.