Agroforestry Systems in Arasbaran Region, Obstacles and Opportunities for Farmers in Combating with Climate Change

Climate change poses a significant threat to food security and environmental sustainability in semi-arid regions, such as northwestern Iran, where declining rainfall and rising temperatures challenge agricultural productivity and resource management. Agroforestry systems, integrating agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry, have emerged as a promising solution to these challenges. This study evaluates the potential of agroforestry systems in enhancing resilience to climate change in the Arasbaran region of northwest Iran. Through a detailed survey of 78 households, the research assesses the impact of these systems on soil quality, biodiversity, and water resource optimization. Findings indicate that agroforestry practices, such as integrating drought-resistant tree species with crops and livestock, improve soil health, conserve moisture, and diversify income sources. Despite these benefits, farmers face obstacles including inadequate technical knowledge, limited access to quality seedlings, and insufficient policy support. Socio-economic factors such as land tenure and financial constraints further complicate widespread adoption. The study reveals that income increase is the primary motivation for adopting agroforestry, while challenges such as lack of government support and educational gaps are significant barriers. Data analysis highlights diverse species used in agroforestry systems, including apples, walnuts, and various fruit trees, and underscores the need for improved guidance on species integration and research utilization. Overall, agroforestry presents a valuable opportunity for improving agricultural sustainability and resilience in arid and semi-arid regions. Addressing existing challenges through targeted interventions and leveraging traditional knowledge and international examples can enhance the effectiveness of these systems in mitigating the impacts of climate change.