Nephrotic Syndrome and Recurrent Infection

Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by the leakage of protein from the blood into the urine along with the triad of proteinuria, albuminuria, and peripheral edema. Loss of protein leads to the loss of immunoglobulin and complements. X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), or Bruton disease, is a primary immunodeficiency disease caused by a defect in the development of B cells in the bone marrow and a low serum level of immunoglobulins. The present case involves a 12-year-old boy with nephrotic syndrome, osteomyelitis, and recurrent infections. We discovered that he had XLA. This report underscores the importance of considering inborn errors of immunity in cases of protein loss, such as nephrotic syndrome.