Author/Authors :
ALDEEWAN ، Ali B. College of Veterinary Medicine - University of Basrah , ABBAS ، Basil A. College of Veterinary Medicine - University of Basrah , JABER ، Nawres N. College of Veterinary Medicine - University of Basrah , KHUDOR ، Mohammed H. College of Veterinary Medicine - University of Basrah
Abstract :
Cell death is an essential element of life in multicellular organisms, playing roles in development, defense, and homeostasis. Apoptosis is the most common mode of cell death in animals, especially when it occurs as part of normal physiology. In the past, apoptosis was focused on the caspase, a family of cysteine proteases. Now, apoptosis is classified into types I, II, and III PCD: type I PCD is the classic apoptosis, the well know caspase-dependent apoptosis; type II PCD’s morphology characters are the appearance of the autophagic and double membrane of vacuole; type III PCD occurs without the condensate chromatin and has not been well-known. Type II and type III PCD are caspase-independent apoptosis. This review will focus on the apoptosis signal pathway and some ligands that have been linked to apoptosis, with a focus on concluding apoptosis from two perspectives, in vivo, and in vitro cells, so that we can better understand the network of cell death and provide the results of the most recent research. On the other hand, this review focuses on apoptosis in immune system physiology. Aspects of apoptotic signal transduction, as well as the role of apoptosis in immunological development, are discussed in the various reviews.
