Midterm Outcomes and Complications of Scoliosis Correction in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Tertiary Center Study

Background: Spinal fusion surgery combined with instrumentation has emerged as the gold standard for managing severe cases of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Although several studies have reported the advantages of this surgical procedure, the prevalence of associated complications remains controversial.  Objectives: This study aims to assess the prevalence of various complications among patients who underwent the AIS corrective surgery at Shafayahyaian Hospital. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included AIS patients who underwent corrective surgery before 2011 at Shafayahyaian Hospital. Patients were followed up for up to five years, and variables, including demographic data, surgical outcomes, and postoperative complications, were assessed during this period. Results: A total of 95 patients with a mean age of 13.62±2.69 years at the time of scoliosis diagnosis were evaluated. Among them, 13 patients (13.68%) were men, and 20 patients (21.05%) underwent corrective surgery for anterior-posterior scoliosis, while 75 patients (78.95%) underwent corrective surgery for posterior scoliosis. Postoperative complications included surgical site infection (6.3%), pain (2.1%), and implant-related complications (5.2%). Most patients (82.1%) reported no back pain during the 5-year postoperative period.  Conclusion: Scoliosis corrective surgery in AIS patients has beneficial outcomes. Although complications may occur, they are rare and do not outweigh the advantages of surgery.