Medical and Legal Responsibilities in Concealing Epidemic Diseases; a Jurisprudential and Legal Review

Introduction: Infectious diseases, particularly the coronavirus, are among the critical public health and medicine issues that have significantly impacted all aspects of human life. One of the key factors in spreading and intensifying these diseases is the concealment and suppression of related information, which can have disastrous consequences for public health. This issue, besides its social, cultural, and economic dimensions, is also of particular importance from a legal and medical perspective. The present study examines the civil liabilities of individuals and legal entities in relation to concealing infectious diseases such as the coronavirus. It analyzes the factors influencing the transmission and spread of diseases from medical and legal viewpoints. Conclusion: In jurisprudential and legal sources, various principles, including destruction (Etlaf), causation (Tasbib), and no harm (La-Zarar), are considered for civil liability, which applies to health and medical issues during pandemics. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method and utilizing library resources, the Holy Quran, and the latest jurisprudential and legal findings, explores the medical and legal obligations of individuals and legal entities in managing and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Despite numerous studies in this area, this research presents an innovative approach to examining responsibilities in the medical and legal context. It demonstrates that Ja’fari jurisprudence, with its flexibility and dynamism, provides specific and well-reasoned jurisprudential and legal solutions to prevent the concealment and suppression of diseases and protect public health.