Phytochemical profile and anti-cariogenic bacteria streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus acidophillus exploration from nuts-seeds

Dental caries remains a significant oral health challenge both nationally and globally. The prevalence of caries is on the rise, particularly among children in both developed and developing countries. Traditionally, strategies for combating dental caries have included fluoridation and the use of antimicrobial agents to target cariogenic bacteria. However, this approach has its advantages and disadvantages, and recent evidence suggests that fluoridation alone may no longer be effective in preventing caries. As an alternative, an ecological approach using natural materials has gained attention. This approach aims to create a harmonious and healthy oral environment that can resist the multifactorial caries process. In a preliminary study, three natural ingredients—soybeans (Glycine max), pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita moschata), and sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum) were investigated for their phytochemical profiles and inhibitory effects against cariogenic bacteria, specifically Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The results revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and phenolics in soybeans, pumpkin seeds, and sesame seeds. Interestingly, triterpenoids were exclusively detected in soybeans. Notably, pumpkin seeds exhibited the highest antibacterial inhibitory activity against both Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Furthermore, statistically significant differences were observed among the various concentrations tested for these three natural ingredients (p 0.05).