Comparing biocompatibility of imported and Indonesian-made PMMA (Polymethyl-Methacrylate) bone cement

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is one of the biomaterials that is often used to obtain fixation and also acts as a space filler to hold the implant against the bone. Further research on the biocompatibility, characteristics of bone cement, development of its clinical application, and reduction of side effects is still ongoing. This post-test-only design study was conducted in two phases, evaluating three groups of samples, 12 samples each: prototype bone cement, imported bone cement, and control. The in vitro test we evaluate the viability of the cell through MTT Assay analysis. Each group was also evaluated in irritation, toxicity, acute systemic pyrogenicity, and implantation tests. We conducted this analysis for 2 months involving the experimental animal laboratory. The data were collected and analyzed using statistical-related analysis. The MTT assay analysis showed that both groups of bone cement had low cytotoxicity with 85.54% viable cells. The intracutaneous irritation test showed that both groups did not cause irritation reactions in the form of erythema or edema with a Draize score of 0. Pyrogenicity tests show that Indonesian-made bone cement has an average weight change of 19,13 g, and 18,93 g for imported bone cement. The prototype and imported bone cement showed similar low cytotoxicity and biocompatibility, with no systemic effects. The prototype bone cement was quite safe as a biomaterial.