Exploring the Protective role of Olive Oil Against Gold Nanoparticle-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Sprague Dawley Rats

The potential hepatotoxic effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have become a concern due to their widespread use. Olive oil, with its rich antioxidant properties, may offer protective benefits against such toxicity. This study assesses the protective role of olive oil against AuNP-induced hepatotoxicity in male Sprague Dawley rats. The experiment was conducted with 20 adult male Sprague Dawley rats, divided into four groups: control, olive oil only, AuNPs only, and a combined treatment of AuNPs and olive oil. Parameters such as liver weight and volume, hepatocyte count, central venous volume, and liver enzymes (LDH, ALP, GGT) were measured after a 42-day treatment period. Rats treated with AuNPs exhibited a significant decrease in relative liver weight (6.85 ± 0.45g compared to 7.81 ± 0.46g in controls) and elevated liver enzymes (LDH, ALP, and GGT levels increased to 6.99 ± 0.49 U/L, 120.96 ± 34.28 U/L, and 175.59 ± 20.77 U/L, respectively). The combined treatment group showed a notable improvement in these parameters, with liver weight and enzyme levels approaching those of the control group. Additionally, hepatocyte cell volume significantly increased in the AuNPs group (7547.80 ± 923.19 µm³) compared to the combined treatment group (6007.35 ± 579.85 µm³). Olive oil significantly mitigates AuNP-induced hepatotoxicity in male Sprague Dawley rats. This study underscores the potential of natural antioxidants in reducing liver damage caused by nanoparticles and suggests further research into dietary interventions for toxin exposure.